Senior Design Project 2023
Multifunction CNC Machine
Design Engineering Requirements
System-Level Requirements:
1. The machine is portable; it shall be built from strong, lightweight material.
2. The CNC machine shall hold one spindle and one laser module to work as a single or as an auto.
3. The machine shall move three axes to cut, route, and shape workpieces.
4. The machine shall have a safety system that protects the operator and system.
5. The machine shall operate manually and automatically.
6. The project's cost is estimated to be $850.00.
High-Level Functions and Requirements List:
A. The machine is portable; the size and weight should be average to carry easily.
B. The design should be sturdy and not vibrate or move during operations.
i) The overall dimensions shall be (24” L x 19” W x 12” H), and weight at most 60 pounds.
C. The machine shall move linearly on the X, Y, and Z axes.
i) System shall move X-axis right and left 12'', Y-axis back and forth 12'' and Z-axis up and down 4''.
D. The machine should operate manually and automatically.
i) The table shall move manually to adjust the length, and the width of the part being machined.
ii) The system should be homed and operating automatically once the setup is complete.
F. The system should have a safety system.
i) Emergency stops to remove all power during an emergency.
ii) The system shall include a manually reset, trip-free circuit breaker or fuse at the power source.
G. The system should have the following power supply:
i) The Circuit shall receive 48 VDC for spindles, 12 VDC for step motors, and 3-5 VDC for other
electronics limit switches, Arduino, E-Stop, and control board. 120 VAC single-phase volts.
ii) The system shall have a 48 VDC 500-watt power supply with a maximum current rate of 15A.
E. The system should have computer access.
i) Retrieve CAD geometry designed files and export to CNC compatible format STEP or IGES.
ii) Convert the CAD STEP or IGS format to G-Code format.
Medium-Level Functions and Requirement List:
A. Labeled wiring system to identify and plug the components easily.
B. The system should have a fan to cool the machine during operation.
C. The system shall have a shop vacuum attachment option to collect debris.
Low-Level Functions and Requirements List:
A. Blue tooth to connect to the computer wirelessly.
B. The machine should have Power indication lights: Red On, Green Off, and Orang light for warning.
C. The system should have adequate light to see the working area.
Design Engineering Specifications
Module | Components | Engineering Specification | Justification & Verification | Team |
---|---|---|---|---|
Spindle Motor | Minimum 500W and 48V, 12000RPM | Engrave and cut many materials including wood, plastic, aluminum, copper. | Ramon | |
Diode Laser Module | Minimum 20W Output Power, Minimum 12V Input Voltage. Shall include protection filter cover to block UV light. | Capable of engraving a wide range of materials, including wood, leather, MDF, stainless steel, lacquered metal. | Yohanes | |
Microcontroller | Minimum 12V DC Power Supply, Input Current 2.5-5A. Capable run OS of 1.1f GRBL software. | Testing and verify system response from user input. Use for data processing and feedback. Capable to operate a Spindle motor with minimum 24V, 500W & Laser module 12W, 48W output. | Ramon | |
Safety Module | 2 pin SPST (single pole single throw),
Minimum 20V/5A DC, Push- Lock, Turn to Release. | Press the E-stop button, all system shall stop.
Reset the E-Stop and perform the operational test for 20 times.
Measure for Zero voltage at the switch. | Yohanes | |
Movement Limitation | Minimum 24V/1A DC, Proximity Sensor | X-Axis Right pressed table should move to right & stop. Z-Axis pressed table should move to down & stop.
Y-Axis Forward, table should move forward and stop at origin | Yohanes | |
Linear Movement Module | Minimum 12V/ A<2A DC , Minimum DC motor with 200 steps.
Minimum 0.25 Nm torque (2.2 in-lb) | Turn on all systems and test each stepper motors function. Use control panel to perform functional test on each motor. Press X-Axis X-stepper motor shall run continuously | Team | |
Control Module | Offline control X/Y/Z three axis
3 Axis Offline Controller Board + LCD Screen, 1.8inch
Shall be compatible with Arduino | Offline control X/Y/Z three axis
Control interface return: set as origin
Support SD/TF memory card | Ramon | |
Power Module | Minimum 24V-48V DC / A <20A Input Voltage/Current
PWM capability with built-in cooling fan/temperature-sensitive cooling fan | Turn on the source, measure the input and output of voltage and current. Connect the controller and ensure power is on & off remotely. Run the system and test the stepper motor axises' moving. Measure the input & output voltage, with and without load. Run the system, measure the input & output voltage | Team |